Safety Factors
ADVANTAGES, STANDARDS
A Variety of Pressure Classes
Blue Brute pipe comes in three pressure classes:
- Class 100 (DR25) 690 kPa (100 psi)
- Class 150 (DR18) 1,034 kPa (150 psi)
- Class 200 (DR14) 1,379 kPa (200 psi)
By engineering a variety of pressure classes in a distribution system, significant cost savings can be achieved.
Each Pipe Tested
Blue Brute pipe is hydrostatically tested to four times its pressure class, i.e. Class 150 (DR18) tested at 4,138 kPa (600 psi). This assures the user of total integrity of every length of pipe manufactured.
Smooth Interior
Blue Brute’s smooth interior walls provide a lifetime of operation with no loss of carrying capacity. Substantial savings can be realized through reduced pumping costs over the life of the system, due to a high Hazen Williams flow coefficient of C=150.
Tight Joints
The IPEX gasket joint is designed for unequalled performance and ease of installation. The joints can withstand many times their pressure class without leakage. They can also support full vacuum.
| Pipe | Joint Capability |
|---|---|
| Class 100 (DR25) | 3.670 kPa (532 psi) |
| Class 150 (DR18) | 5,190 kPa (752 psi) |
| Class 200 (DR14) | 6,780 kPa (983 psi) |
Cast-Iron Outside Diameters
IPEX Blue Brute pipe is manufactured with cast-iron outside diameters compatible with standard cast-iron mechanical-joint and slip-joint fittings.
Easily Tapped
Blue Brute can be direct tapped for 20mm (3/4″) and 25mm (1″) corporation main stops in 150mm (6″) Class 150 (DR18) pipe and larger. Sizes 150mm (6″) and above of Class 200 (DR14) can be direct tapped.
All Class 100 (DR25) as well as 100mm (4″) Class 150 (DR18) pipe can be tapped by using a Tapped Coupling (see IPEX Blue Brute Fittings Brochure) or with a service saddle. Any service connection larger than 25mm (1″) can be made using a Tapped Coupling or service saddle.
STANDARDS
IPEX Blue Brute Pipe meets these standards:
QUALITY ASSURANCE
The following tests are performed on Blue Brute pipe to ensure the highest quality of pipe for our customers.
Material Tests: PVC compound must meet the requirements of cell classification 12454B according to ASTM D1784. The compound must also have a Hydrostatic Design Basis of 27.6 MPa (4,000 psi).
Dimensional Tests : Blue Brute pipe must pass a series of dimensional checks at 23°C (73°F).
Fusion Tests : Randomly selected pipe sections must pass the acetone immersion test. After 20 minutes immersion in a sealed container of anhydrous (99.5% pure) acetone, a 25mm (1″) sample ring shall show no visible flaking or cracking.
Flattening Tests : Adistance between 50mm (2″) ring is placed between two flat parallel plates and compressed until the the plates is 5% of the original outside diameter of the pipe, or the walls of the pipe touch within two to five minutes at uniform loading. There shall be no evidence of splitting or shattering.
Impact Tests: impact tests are performed at 0°C (32°F). Pipe shall not crack or split when tested in accordance with the impact procedure outlined in Clause 7.7 in CSA B137.0, at the following energy levels:
| Size | Joules @ 0°C | ft.·LbF |
|---|---|---|
| 100mm (4″) | 135 | 100 |
| 150mm (6″) | 165 | 120 |
| 200mm (8″) | 175 | 130 |
| 250mm (10″) | 190 | 140 |
| 300mm (12″) | 205 | 150 |
Hydrostatic Proof Tests: Every length of pipe shall be proof tested at four times its class:
| Class 100 | DR25 | 2,670 kPa (400 psi) |
| Class 150 | DR18 | 4,136 kPa (600 psi) |
| Class 200 | DR14 | 5,512 kPa (800 psi) |
DESIGN NOTES
Safety Factors
Pipe design may warrant the use of a safety factor other than those recommended in AWWA C900.The following chart indicates the total pressure your pipeline can be designed to, using the following safety factors (SF):
| DR | SF = 1.5 | SF = 2.0 | SF = 2.5 |
|---|---|---|---|
| DR25 | 1.53MPa (222 psi) | 1.14 MPa (165 psi) | 0.92 MPa (133 psi) |
| DR18 | 2.16 MPa (313 psi) | 1.62 MPa (235 psi) | 1.30 MPa (188 psi) |
| DR14 | 2.89 MPa (420 psi) | 2.17 MPa (315 psi) | 1.70 MPa (250 psi) |
Operating Pressure + Surge Pressure £ Total Pressure
Thrust Restraints
Mechanical restraint collars are available for Blue Brute pipe. The restraint device attaches behind the bell of one pipe and grips the spigot of the next.
Concrete thrust blocks also provide good restraint. For details on how to determine the appropriate concrete thrust block size, refer to the IPEX Installation Guide for Pipe and Fittings, or the latest edition of the Uni-Bell Handbook.